Instrument 14 of 14

Incomplete defenses

Four defenses an institution can offer are often true. Each still leaves open who carries what the institution gets wrong.

Run it on a real case: GI Bill loans (Mississippi, 1947)

Has the institution answered the open question?

Runs on the page. Nothing is sent anywhere; the address bar carries the state.

granted An appeal exists, and appeals sometimes win.still open Must the people affected stay the institution’s error detector forever?

What would answer it: The institution finds and repairs recurring errors itself, and a won appeal changes the rule as well as the case.

The defense is true and incomplete. The cost of being wrong still lands on whoever cannot refuse it.

Where the archive works it out: the-rule-is-never-on-trial, what-happens-while-youre-right

Where the claim is argued

Next instrument: The residual ledger