Pick Two: Scale, Safety, Control
One rulebook for millions, nobody left carrying the errors, the final say kept. Michigan's unemployment agency chose scale and control, and claimants paid.
Every institution has a crumple zone. Usually it’s a person.
Essays on how hospitals, workplaces, platforms and bureaucracies get people wrong, who is left to absorb the mismatch, and what could be different.
Three questions, asked of every institution
Each one can fail where the others pass. The essays judge institutions by how they fail.
- Distribution Who pays when it gets someone wrong?
- Correction Who can make it change?
- Jurisdiction Was this ever its decision to make?
Recent essays
What a Form Can't Record, Policy Can't See
When a form has no field for something, it keeps happening and the records stop showing it. Long COVID went more than a year without its own US billing code.
Public Ownership Didn't Stop the Post Office Scandal
More than 900 subpostmasters were convicted on faulty software while the state owned the business. The question after ownership is who can refuse correction.
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What a Form Can't Record, Policy Can't See
When a form has no field for something, it keeps happening and the records stop showing it.
Public Ownership Didn't Stop the Post Office Scandal
More than 900 subpostmasters were convicted on faulty software while the state owned the business.
The Front Line Looks Like a Cost Until It's Gone
Frontline staff, moderators, proxies, and red teams absorb the strain so the rest of the organization runs smoothly.
The Cost of Becoming Free
As societies abandon restrictive ideals, they do not abandon the arrangements that made conformity necessary.
The Next Things on the List
Industrial society retired its hazards one at a time.
Working as Intended
Alignment, efficiency, legitimacy, administration and design can each certify the same system.
Make Whoever Runs a Harmful System Post a Bond
Michigan's MiDAS flagged tens of thousands of claimants for fraud and was wrong in 93 percent of the cases a review examined.
Better at Finding You, No Better at Fixing Its Mistakes
The state can match your records across agencies before the month ends.
Any Toyota Worker Can Halt the Line. You Can't.
When a claims system starts producing clustered errors, the people living with them have no legal way to halt it.
A Manifesto for Institutions You Can Stop
Five propositions on how institutions push their mistakes onto people's time and bodies, and why the people they get wrong should be able to stop them.
How a Failure Repeats Tells You What's Broken
Tennessee's Medicaid system mailed DiJuana Davis's notices to the wrong address and cut her family's coverage.
Institutions Act Fast and Take Back Slowly
One trial result reaches a regulator, a guideline panel, Medicare and the insurers, and each acts on its own clock.
Read an Institution by Its Workarounds
The statute and the org chart describe what an institution intends to be.
Cover for a Failure Once and It Becomes Your Job
Show an institution you can cover for its failure and it starts planning on you.
Winning Your Appeal Can Still Cost You Everything
In 1981 and 1982 Social Security cut off people who lived entirely on their benefits and restored them months later with back pay.
Bureaucracy Eats the Time People Have Left Together
Clinics, insurers and landlords get their results out of unpaid hours, and the hours come out of dinners, friendships and a father's last lucid months.
Aligned With Whom?
An AI that does exactly what its owner wants still doesn’t explain why it holds authority over you, or how you correct it when it’s wrong.
Each Score Was Fair. The Rejection Wasn't.
By 2026 a landlord with a laptop could score a rental applicant.
Microcredit Worked. Poverty Mostly Stayed.
Microcredit found borrowers and got repaid.
Refusal Isn't an Opening Bid
A water authority chartered in 1908 passes every test against its charter.
An Old Charter Doesn't Cover New Powers
A wetlands board chartered in 1974 swapped paper surveys for a digital portal, then began scoring parcels before anyone applied for a permit.
Permission Is Not Contagious
An institution's power stops being legitimate when it stretches a permission it was given to cover a new act.
Denmark Does Your Taxes for You
Each taxpayer gets a filled-in return to correct before it binds.
Whole Industries Profit When Paperwork Stays Hard
Tax preparers, appeal services and benefit navigators fix errors institutions left for individuals to find.
Blameless Postmortems Should Cover Customers Too
Organizations have learned not to blame their own people for failures the system produced.
Who Corrects the Corrector?
Australia joined its tax and welfare records and raised false debts against hundreds of thousands of people.
Forgiveness Is for the First Mistake
Every institution errs.
The Right to Get Tired
Every protection keeps someone exceptional: the informed consumer comparing plans at eleven at night, the daughter on hold all afternoon.
Apologies Are Cheap When No One Can Challenge the Error
An institution earns authority by what its errors can do.
Keep Part of Your Thinking Outside the AI
Clicking the final button isn’t control once the model has learned how you think.
Crackdowns and Task Forces Are One Policy
Three responses to homelessness in one budget cycle, and not one eligibility, zoning or lending rule changed.
A Good Complaints Office Can Protect a Bad Rule
An ombuds office can answer every complaint flawlessly and never change a coverage rule, because its charter routes what it learns back to management.
Feedback Without Standing Fixes Only the Cases It Finds
Britain's benefit conversion skipped half the assessment for years.
The Power to Correct the Rules Is Handed Out Too
Two health systems offer identical coverage.
Rank Means Never Having to Adapt
Someone always flexes when a rule meets a world it cannot hold.
The Rule Works. She Doesn't Fit.
Every rule drops some cases, from benefits claims to database fields.
Public or Private, She Was Denied Both Ways
A woman with seasonal income is denied by the public system and by the private one, for different reasons.
Don't Blame the Nurse for the Sixteen-Hour Shift
People keep being blamed for outcomes nobody gave them the power to change.
An Appeal Process Can Work and Still Be Built Not to Be Used
Medicare Advantage insurers overturned 75 percent of the denials patients appealed.
An Audit That Can't Stop Anything Is Theater
Transparency, participation, and better categories present as democratization.
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